Internet Protocol

IP Geolocation: The New Infrastructure for Internet Interoperability

IP geolocation has evolved from routing metadata into essential Internet infrastructure, enabling compliant content delivery, cybersecurity, and digital governance while raising urgent questions about transparency, interoperability, and fragmentation risks worldwide for policymakers and providers alike.

NANOG 97 Explores the Networking Challenges Behind the AI Boom

NANOG 97 revealed how AI is reshaping network infrastructure, from lossless data centre fabrics and optical limits to surging investment, while exposing unresolved questions about geolocation, IPv6 adoption and Internet operations in an AI-driven era.

The Internet Is Fragmenting - Most of the People Who Should Notice Aren’t Looking

The internet is fragmenting across cables, routing systems and governance. Most network engineers, focused on regional operations, are missing how technical infrastructure and state power are reshaping a once interoperable network.

Running-Code Primacy - The Patch Needed to Preserve the Internet’s Original Design

This essay argues that Internet governance has drifted from technical coordination into unaccountable institutional power, and proposes "Running-Code Primacy" as a post-RIR framework grounded in distributed validation, interoperability, and voluntary adoption rather than registry authority.

IP Reputation for AI Teams: The Infrastructure Concept Nobody Explains

As AI agents scale, IP reputation emerges as a hidden constraint, shaping access to external systems and degrading performance. Managing network identity, not just models, is becoming essential for reliable data collection.

Sovereignty Inversion: How RIRs Reduced National Sovereignty to a US$100 Liability Cap

Regional internet registries, once coordinators of technical scarcity, now effectively cap liability at $100 while retaining control over national numbering systems, shifting risk to states and entrenching a governance model critics argue today inverts sovereignty.

The Logic, Fallacy and Flaws Associated With IPv4 Network Resource Transfers

Fifteen years after IPv4 exhaustion, a transfer market has reallocated scarce address space, enabling internet growth, despite uneven registry policies, opaque fees, and lingering resistance to a system that proved more pragmatic than planned reclamation.

Regional Internet Registries’ Thick Governance Turns Uniqueness Into Double Extraction

Regional Internet registries, built for coordination, now sit atop scarce IPv4 assets while bearing little liability, suppressing capitalization and imposing "double extraction" that weakens operators, distorts markets and threatens the stability of global internet uniqueness.

When Registry Power Detaches From Liability, It Detaches From Reality

IPv4 scarcity turned regional internet registries from clerks into gatekeepers of a valuable resource. Yet liability caps remain trivial, leaving powerful institutions with little accountability and incentives for conflict and structural breakdown ahead.

From Guessing to Declaring: Why Geofeed is the Sovereign Foundation of Global Network Resilience

As IP addresses move across borders, outdated geolocation guesses cause service failures and regulatory risks. Geofeed and Signed Geofeed replace inference with verified declarations, promising accurate, resilient and sovereign foundations for global internet infrastructure governance.