IPv4 Markets

Why Do We Care About Names and Numbers?

An article based on the most recent study for the European Commission on the Policy Implications of Convergence in the Field of Naming, Numbering and Addressing written by Joe McNamee and Tiina Satuli of Political Intelligence.

"With relation to the Internet and also IP addresses, the "scarcity" is more complicated: there are not only intellectual property issues with regards to domain names, but there is also an issue of managing the integrity of the system. For any naming or numbering system to work, it is essential that the names and addresses used cannot be confused with any other -- in other words, no one system can have two end-points with the same fully qualified number or name..." more

Moving Target: Spammer Using Over 1000 Home Computers as DNS

Some individual appears to have hijacked more than a 1,000 home computers starting in late June or early July and has been installing a new Trojan Horse program on them. The Trojan allows this person to run a number of small websites on the hijacked home computers. These websites consists of only a few web pages and apparently produce income by directing sign-ups to for-pay porn websites through affiliate programs. Spam emails messages get visitors to come to the small websites.

To make it more difficult for these websites to be shut down, a single home computer is used for only 10 minutes to host a site. After 10 minutes, the IP address of the website is changed to a different home computer... more

Africa Can’t Skip IPv4 on the Road to IPv6

Africa's push toward IPv6 cannot bypass IPv4 scarcity, as uneven infrastructure, market dynamics, and governance disputes raise costs, entrench inequality, and risk turning transitional address shortages into a lasting brake on digital development across regions. more

The Misinformation War Over Africa’s Internet Registry

Afrinic crisis exposes how legal pressure, proxy advocacy and owned media reshape narratives, potentially threatening global internet registry governance and shifting Africa's IP resources from public stewardship toward market commodification with broader far-reaching institutional consequences. more

The Poverty Penalty: How the RIR Model Taxes the Poor While Calling It Equality

Critics blame IPv4 markets for inequality, but registry rules long rewarded scale and imposed regressive costs. Scarcity was managed, not equalized, leaving poorer networks paying more for slower, less predictable access over time and regions. more

We Kept Saying IPv4 Prices Would Rise Again. Did Anyone Listen?

After a prolonged slump, IPv4 prices are rising as tightening supply meets sustained demand from cloud and AI infrastructure, signalling a market correction and diminishing opportunities for buyers who had delayed acquisitions. more

IPv4 Buying and Leasing in 2026: A Market Recalibration

Falling IPv4 prices in 2026 reflect not collapse but maturation, as hyperscaler demand wanes, buyers diversify, and leasing expands, turning scarce addresses into managed assets shaped by liquidity, flexibility, and infrastructure driven needs today increasingly. more

Sovereignty Inversion: How RIRs Reduced National Sovereignty to a US$100 Liability Cap

Regional internet registries, once coordinators of technical scarcity, now effectively cap liability at $100 while retaining control over national numbering systems, shifting risk to states and entrenching a governance model critics argue today inverts sovereignty. more

Regional Internet Registries’ Thick Governance Turns Uniqueness Into Double Extraction

Regional Internet registries, built for coordination, now sit atop scarce IPv4 assets while bearing little liability, suppressing capitalization and imposing "double extraction" that weakens operators, distorts markets and threatens the stability of global internet uniqueness. more

China, AFRINIC, and the Dangerous Precedent That Could Destabilize the Global Internet

A dispute over 6.2m IPv4 addresses at AFRINIC exposes how litigation and market incentives could erode regional stewardship, setting a precedent that risks turning the Internet's allocation system into a vehicle for global arbitrage. more

Internet Number Resources Are Not Political Property

Internet number resources, once clerical entries, now underpin real economic value, exposing a mismatch between registry power and accountability, while misplaced political narratives obscure the case for decentralised, operator-led control. more

Africa Is Not a Digital Quarry

Africa's internet registry crisis reflects not abstract design flaws but sustained legal and market pressure, as scarce address resources are drawn into global arbitrage, challenging stewardship and exposing the fragility of regional digital governance. more

The Hyperscale IPv4 Moat: Analyzing AWS’s Latest 9M Address Acquisition

AWS has quietly acquired nine million more IPv4 addresses, turning internet scarcity into strategic leverage. As hyperscalers consolidate dwindling supply worldwide, IPv4 is evolving from legacy protocol into a profitable infrastructure moat for cloud giants. more

The Ghost Asset on Telco Balance Sheets: Using IPv4 to Fund the AI Transition

Hidden on telecom balance sheets, legacy IPv4 address space is emerging as a monetizable asset. Leasing underutilized blocks can generate recurring cash flow that helps fund AI infrastructure, modernization, and network investment without increasing debt. more

What Drives IPv4 Demand in Today’s Market?

Predictions of IPv4's demise were premature. A market webinar shows demand has diversified, prices reflect structure not relevance, and leasing, policy shifts and broadband funding will keep the ageing protocol strategically important for years ahead. more